Twenty-first meeting of the North Atlantic Assembly : report of the United States Delegation to the twenty-first meeting of members of parliaments from the North Atlantic Assembly countries held at Copenhagen, Denmark, September 21 through September 26, 1975, pursuant to Public Law 689, 84th Congress

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COMMITTEE PRINT

TWENTY-FIRST MEETING OF THE
NORTH ATLANTIC ASSEMBLY

REPORT

OF THE

UNITED STATES DELEGATION TO THE TWENTY-
FIRST MEETING OF MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENTS
FROM THE NORTH ATLANTIC ASSEMBLY COUN-
TRIES HELD AT COPENHAGEN, DENMARK,
SEPTEMBER 21 THROUGH SEPTEMBER 26. 1975

pursuant to
Public Law 689 — 84th Congress

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MAY 7, 1976

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U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1976

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SENATE DELEGATION

CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island, Chairman

EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts JACOB K. JAVITS. New York

BIRCH BAYH, Indiana ROBERT P. GRIFFIN, Michigan

THOMAS F. EAGLETON, Missouri THEODORE F. STEVENS, Alaska

JOHN V. TUNNEY, California
PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont

Donald G. Henderson, Staff Associate
(III

■

CONTENTS

Page

Letter of transmittal v

The U.S. delegation 1

Assembly activities 1

Assembly officers for 1976 2

Appendixes :

Appendix I — Financial statement 5

Appendix II — Texts adopted at the 21st Annual Session of the

Assembly 7

(in)

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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

May 7, 1976.
Hon. John Sparkmax,

Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations,
U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.

Dear Mr. Chairman : In accordance with the provisions of Public
Law 84-689. enclosed is a brief accounting with respect to the pro-
ceedings of the Xorth Atlantic Assembly meeting at Copenhagen late
last September.

It Avas a source of great regret and dismay to me and to other mem-
bers of the Senate delegation that the pressure of legislative business
at the last moment prevented most of us from leaving Washington.
At the same time, we are grateful that Senator Griffin was able to
attend at least a portion of the sessions : most importantly, the plenary
meetings held in public. Through him, as well as others in attendance
from the House of Representatives and the staff, we were informed of
the excellent and generous arrangements made by the Danish Govern-
ment and the gracious hospitality extended by Queen Margrethe II.
The Senate delegation wishes to record both its gratitude and its
apologies to our friends in Denmark.

We know of your deep and abiding interest in the important work
of the Xorth Atlantic Assembly — as evidenced by your chairmanship
of the Senate delegation for roughly a dozen years — and we know how
how much you must have missed not being able to participate in the
Copenhagen conference.
Sincerely.

Claiborne Pell,
Chairman of the Senate Delegation
to the 21st North Atlantic Assembly meeting.

(V)

TWENTY-FIRST MEETING OF THE
NORTH ATLANTIC ASSEMBLY

The United States Delegation

The 21st meeting of the North Atlantic Assembly was held at Copen-
hagen, Denmark, from September 21 to September 28, 1975. In keep-
ing with the terms of Public Law 689, 84th Congress, the President of
the Senate and the Speaker of the House appointed a full delegation
from the Ignited States Congress.

Members of the Senate named to the delegation on September 9,
1975, were :

Claiborne Pell, Democrat, of Rhode Island, Chairman ; Edward M,
Kennedy, Democrat, of Massachusetts ; Birch Bayh, Democrat, of In-
diana; Thomas F. Eagleton, Democrat, Missouri; John V. Tunney,
Democrat, of California ; Patrick J. Leahy, Democrat, of Vermont :
Jacob K. Javits, Republican, of New York; Robert P. Griffin, Repub-
lican, of Michigan; and Theodore F. Stevens, Republican, of Alaska.

Because of the pressure of Senate business, and particularly the need
to act on the Sinai agreements, most members of the Senate delegation
were compelled to remain in Washington. Senator Griffin, however,
was able to represent the Senate at the most important portions of the
week's program. Fortunately also, the full House delegation, headed
by Representative Wayne Hays, Democrat, of Ohio, was present
throughout the conference. Mr. Hays served as President of the North
Atlantic Assembly's 21st annual meeting, and Representative Jack
Brooks. Democrat, of Texas, acted as the U.S. Member of the Assem-
bly's Standing Committee.

Assembly Activities

For the first time in nine years, all fifteen member countries of the
North Atlantic Alliance had delegations representing them at the
Assembly (the Portuguese delegates came from the Constitutent As-
sembly). Roughly 160 parliamentarians attended the meetings held in
the Danish Parliament building, the Folketing) in Copenhagen.

On Sunday. September 21. the Standing Committee had a prepara-
tory session, followed by a meeting of the secretaries of national dele-
gations. Monday and Tuesday were devoted to consideration of textf
of proposed reports, resolutions and recommendations in the five regu
lar committees: the political, military, economic, scientific and tech
nical, and education, cultural affairs and information committees
On Wednesday, the Drafting Committee (the Standing Committe<
members, plus other committee officers in an advisory capacity) met t<

(1)

reconcile and consolidate the texts presented by the various committees.
The greater part of that day, however, was devoted to the visit to the
summer Palace of Fredensborg where those attending the Assembly
were received by Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and Prince Henrik.

The first Plenary Session was opened on Thursday, September 25,
by the President of the Assembly. Representative Hays. Mr. Karl
Skytte. the President of the Folketing, welcomed the delegates to
his country and its capital. The Danish Prime Minister. Mr. Anker
Jorgensen, followed with a speech which gave particular stress to the
economic problems facing the Alliance. In his presidential address,
Mr. Hays echoed the theme that the primary current challenge to
XATO was economic, even though the military threat was always pres-
ent in the background. The final speaker that morning was Dr. Joseph
Luns. Secretary General of XATO, who answered a series of questions
following his address to the delegates. Plenary debate and votes on
committee texts (see Appendix II) continued until Friday afternoon,
when there was a presentation by the then U.S. Secretary of Defense
James Schlesinger, followed by a question-and-answer session.

Toward the end of the final Plenary Session, the Assembly elected
its officers for the next year. Especially in view of the decision taken
to hold the 22nd annual meeting from Xovember 14 to 20, 1976, in
\Villiamsburg, Virginia, during the U.S. Bicentennial, the Assembly
took the unprecedented step of re-electing Mr. Wayne Hays as presi-
dent for a second consecutive term.

Assembly Officers for 1976

The Assembly elected the following officers for the next year:
President : Mr. Wayne Hays, United States ;
Vice President : Mr. Knud Damgaard, Denmark ;
Vice President : Mr. Ferdinando Storchi, Italy ;
Vice President : Mr. Michel Roscher, France ; and
Treasurer : Mr. Paul Langlois. Canada.

The following delegates were elected or re-elected to office in Assem-
bly Committees and Subcommittees :

ECONOMIC COMMITTEE

Chairman : Mr, Jack Brooks. United States :
Vice Chairman : Mr. Aristide Gunnella, Italy ; and
General Rapporteur: Mr. Erwin Lange, Federal Republic of Ger-
many (FRG).

Joint Subcommittee of the Economic and Scientific and Technical
Committees on Energy Supplies

Chairman : Mr. Marius van Amelsvoort. Netherlands; and
Rapporteur : Mr. Gerhard Flamig, FRG.

EOUCATTOX, CULTURAL AFFAIRS AND INFORMATION COMMITTEE

Chairman : Senator John V. Tunney. United States ;
Vice Chairman : Mr. Manfred Gessiier, FRG ;

Vice Chairman : Mr. Ralph Stewart. Canada ; and
General Rapporteur: Lord Lyell, United Kingdom.

Subcommittee on the Free Flow of Information

Chairman : Mr. [Manfred Gessner, FRG; and
Rapporteur : Mr. Ruggero Orlando, Italy.

Subcommittee on the Survey of Textbooks in Alliance Countries
Chairman: Mr. Klaas de Vries, Netherlands {First Chamber),

MILITARY COMMITTEE

Chairman : Mr. Paul Thyness, Norway ;

Vice Chairman : Senator Sam Xunn. United States ;

Vice Chairman: Mr. Klaas G. de Vries, Netherlands (Second
Chamber) ;

General Rapporteur: Mr. Patrick Wall. United Kingdom; and

Special Rapporteur to monitor MBFR : Mr. Rembert van Delden.
FRG.

Subcommittf <■ on European Defense Cooperation

Chairman : Mr. Carl Damm, FRG : and
Rapporteur : General Joop van Elsen. Netherlands.

Subcommittee on the Southern Flank

Co-Chairman : Lord Hoy. Lmited Kingdom;
Co-Chairman : Senator Sam Xunn. United States : and
Rapporteur : Mr. Adriaan Ploeg. Netherlands.

POLITICAL COMMITTEE

Chairman : Mr. Michel Boscher. France ;

Vice Chairman : Mr. Phillip Burton, United States :

Vice Chairman : Mr. Emlyn Hooson, United Kingdom : and

General Rapporteur : Mr. Pieter Dankert, Netherlands.

Subcommittee on "Detente"

Chairman : Mr. Kurt Mattick, FRG: and
Rapporteur : Mr. Paul de Vlies. Belgium.

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

Chairman : Lord Wynne-Jones. United Kingdom :
Vice-Chairman : Mr. Jacques Guilbault, Canada :
Vice Chairman : Mi-. ( Jharles Rose, United States :
General Rapporteur: Mr. Georges Mundeleer. Belgium;
Rapporteur on Nuclear Energy: Mr. Gerhard Flamig, FRG;
Rapporteur on Marine Resources: Mr. Jacques Guilbault. Canada
Rapporteur on the (VMS: Mr. Georges Mundeleer, Belgium;

Rapporteur on Technological Development and Unemployment :
Mr. Knud Damgaard, Denmark ; and

Members, Working Group on Narcotics : Mr. Peter W. Rodino, Jr.,
United States : Mr. Otto J. Jelinek, Canada ; Mr. Emmanuel Zannis,
Greece.

STAXDIXG COMMITTEE

Subcommittee cm Relations with Governments and Parliaments
Chairman : Mr. Erik B. Blumenfeld. FRG.

APPENDIX I

Financial Statement

A report showing foreign currency expenditures of those individuals from the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee attending the 21st meeting of the North
Atlantic Assembly has been filed with the Secretary of the Senate. There were
no expenditures of appropriated funds under Public Law 84-689.

(5)

APPENDIX II

Texts Adopted at the Twenty-First Annual Session of the North Atlantic
Assembly, held at Copenhagen, September 21 to 26, 1975.

RECOMMENDATIONS, RESOLUTIONS AND ORDERS

As of the 1971 Annual Session, each Recommendation, Reso-
lution and Order adopted by the Assembly is numbered conse-
cutively in its respective category and in the order of its adoption.

From 1971 to 1974, the Assembly adopted 44 Recommen-
dations, 29 Resolutions and 14 Orders. Consequently, for 1975,
the first Recommendation adopted is Recommendation 45 and
the first Resolution is number 30.

The texts adopted in 1975 comprise 8 Recommendations and
13 Resolutions. In each case, a footnote indicates the Committee
of origin.

(7)

8

RECOMMENDATION 45
on co-ordination of national economic policies (1)

The Assembly,

Considering the impact of the world recession on the economies
of Alliance member countries;

Deploring the complete lack of co-ordination between different
national economic policies, which has further aggravated and
prolonged the recession;

Noting the talks between the President of the United States,
the President of France, the Prime Minister of the United
Kingdom and the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany,
during the final session of the Conference on Security and
Co-operation in Europe in July 1975 in Helsinki, on the necessity
of socio-economic consultation and co-operation between their
countries;

RECOMMENDS that the North Atlantic Council :

1. urge member governments of the Alliance to pursue the
initiative taken by the four countries in Helsinki;

2. encourage all member governments to participate in further
talks;

3. co-ordinate in this way the policies of member countries
aimed at reanimating their economies and overcoming the
recession and its social consequences.

RECOMMENDATION 46
on the educational activities of NATO (2)

The Assembly,

Considering NATO's limited activity in the field of education;

Concerned about the capacity of some governments to deal
alone with the difficult problems in education today, such as
declining enrolments, changing student demands, lack of financial
support, and uncertainty about the future;

(1) Presented by the Economic Committee.

(2) Presented by the Committee on Education, Cultural Affairs and
Information.

Recognising the need for joint effort in various fields of
educational policy among the members of the Alliance;

Recognising also the need for the Alliance to be more than
a defensive arrangement;

RECOMMENDS that the North Atlantic Council consider
expanding the activities and responsibilities of its Cultural Rela-
tions Section into areas more directly concerned with education.

RECOMMENDATION 47
on the restructuring of NATO's forces (1)

The Assembly,

Concerned at the continued improvements in both quality and
quantity of Warsaw Pact forces, particularly their offensive capa-
bilities;

Recognising the economic and social constraints on the defence
expenditures of all member countries;

Recognising the increasing necessity for member countries to
review and reassess the structure, composition and priorities of
their armed forces, particularly regarding the use of reserve forces;

Concerned lest the unilateral action of one member should
affect the cohesion and credibility of the collective defence effort;

Noting the losses, in terms of both finance and combat effective-
ness, of maintaining logistics as a national responsibility;

Noting the dependence of current NATO strategy on the
rapid availability of substantial, combat-ready reinforcements;

Noting the implications of the advances in weapon technology
for tactical and strategic doctrines;

RECOMMENDS that the Defence Planning Committee of
NATO :

1. examine closely the areas where the flexibility and combat
capability of NATO's forces remain impaired;

2. emphasise the necessity of the integration of logistic responsi-
bility, and inform the Military Committee of the North
Atlantic Assembly of the obstacles inhibiting such a develop
ment;

(1) Presented by the Military Committee.

10

3. examine the advantages to be gained from member countries
deploying smaller divisional slices, and the consequent im-
provements in combat to support ratios;

4. consider the implications for the credibility of the NATO
defence posture of a greater reliance on reserve forces, and
in this respect inform the Military Committee of the Assembly
of the likely effects for the capability of the Alliance of the
recent force proposals by Belgium, the Netherlands and the
Federal Republic of Germany;

5. urge those member governments considering altering the
composition and structure of their forces to seek the maximum
commonality with their Allies, and in this respect to inform
the Military Committee of the Assembly of the effect on the
commonality of command structures of the United Kingdom
decision to abolish the brigade level of command;

6. assess whether the present arrangements for the provision of
reinforcements, both to the Central Front and the Flanks, are
adequate, and examine where improvements can be made;

7. examine the potential offered NATO by the exploitation of
recent developments in advanced weapon technology.

RECOMMENDATION 48
on the Eastern Mediterranean (1)

The Assembly,

Recognising that the continuing friction between Greece and
Turkey damages the cohesion and credibility of the Alliance;

Concerned at the increase in Soviet power and influence in the
area, particularly at sea, which has serious complications for the
security of the Alliance;

Recognising that a solution to the present crisis depends on
a mutually acceptable settlement on Cyprus;

Regretting that the United States embargo has done nothing
to further the prospects of a settlement on Cyprus, and in fact has
hindered the possibility of agreement between the two sides;

Noting that the embargo will inevitably limit the effectiveness
of the Turkish Armed Forces;

(1) Presented by the Military Committee.

11

Regretting the Greek withdrawal from the NATO integrated
command, and anxious that this decision should be reversed;

RECOMMENDS that the North Atlantic Council :

1. continue to give maximum attention to the problems of the
region and to ensure that the framework of the Alliance con-
tinues to be available to both parties in order to secure a
settlement to the dispute;

2. urge member countries to provide economic assistance to
both Greece and Turkey;

3. examine specifically what measures can be taken by European
members of the Alliance to assist Turkey to obtain the spare
parts and equipment denied her under the embargo;

4. assess and evaluate Soviet policy and objectives in the area
and their significance to the future security of the Southern
Region.

RECOMMENDATION 49

on the rationalisation of defence resources
within the Alliance (1)

The Assembly,

Recognising the budgetary constraints which continue to affect
the abilities of member countries to sustain defence expenditure;

Concerned at the losses, both in financial terms and in combat
effectiveness, to NATO's forces through the consistent failure
to standardise equipment, as documented in the Callaghan Report;

Aware of the urgent need for closer Atlantic co-operation in
to promote a more cost-effective use of resources and increased

Welcoming the statement in the May Ministerial Communique
that the Ministers « agreed to pursue within the appropriate
machinery the establishment of a two-way street between Europe
and North America in defence equipment procurement, in order
to promote a more cost-effective use of resources and increased
standardisation of weapon systems »;

Welcoming the Culver-Nunn Amendment as an excellent
example for all member countries to follow;

(1) Presented by the Military Committee.

12

Recognising the basic need for a greater harmonisation of
military doctrine among member countries in order to achieve
common tactical concepts which will facilitate greater standar-
disation and interoperability of weapon systems;

Noting that although total standardisation is neither possible
nor ideal, maximum interoperability is a crucial objective;

RECOMMENDS that the Defence Planning Committee of
NATO :

1 . give the maximum priority to the establishment of institutional
machinery, with full political backing, which will facilitate
effective North American-European co-operation in the pro-
duction and procurement of armaments;

2. urge the Military Committee of NATO to play a more domi-
nant role in the harmonisation of military doctrine within
the Alliance and in the establishing of common tactical
concepts;

3. make full use of the possibilities offered by the F-104 replace-
ment programme for the establishment of joint training and
common logistic support;

4. in considering the possible purchase and deployment of an
airborne early warning system for Europe, give priority to
the full participation by NATO countries in the production
and operation of such a system.

RECOMMENDATION 50
on East- West relations (1)

The Assembly,

Welcoming the continuing process of « detente » between East
and West as the only valid alternative to policies of crises and
confrontation;

Recognising that the search for peace and stability in Europe
is, of necessity, a gradual process which will continue to be
affected by reverses and disruptions, as currently seen in certain
aspects of United States-Soviet relations;

(1) Presented jointly by the Political Committee and the* Committee
on Education, Cultural Affairs and Information.

13

Emphasising that « detente » is not a static condition but an
evolutionary process that will require considerable patience and
perseverence to reduce the hostility and suspicion still prevalent
in both East and West;

Recognising that « detente » does not mean an end to deep
political and idealogical differences, nor the disappearance of
areas of super-power competition;

Believing, however, that there are many areas of common
interest where co-operation and co-ordination can contribute to
producing a more stable and peaceful environment;

Emphasising that, therefore, « detente » urges moderation and
restraint on all States while resolving controversial problems and
conflicts between themselves and among others, as well as step
by step liquidation of sources of tension;

Urging that the declarations adopted at the final session of the
Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe in Helsinki
should be applied by all participant States fully and without reser-
vation;

Mindful of the decision of the Sub-Committee on the Free Flow
of Information to study the execution of the Third Basket
agreements;

Emphasising that the new political framework must now be
supplemented by progress in the military field, notably by the
balanced reductions in the levels of forces and armaments in
Central Europe, in order to lower the level of military confron-
tation and secure a more stable relationship in Europe;

Regretting that the superabundance of conventional forces
concentrated by the Warsaw Pact member States, in Eastern and
Central Europe, especially by the Soviet Union, endangers mili-
tary stability and security in Europe and the progress of detente;

Deploring that the Soviet Union so far has refused to accept
the principle of balanced force reductions at the Vienna talks;

Recognising the importance of « detente > to the countries of
Eastern Europe, particularly with respect to the full application
of human rights and the right of self-determination in this area;

RECOMMENDS that the North Atlantic Council :

1. pursue the objective of improving relations with the East
on an energetic and constructive basis, and make better known
all aspects of « detente »;

14

2. recognise the existence of mutual interests between East and
West and search for fields in which a commonality of interests
with countries in Eastern Europe can be constructed;

3. insist on a comprehensive application of the Helsinki prin-
ciples particularly regarding those clauses concerned with the
free movement of people and information;

4. request member governments to monitor carefully the imple-
mentation of the human, cultural, educational and information
obligations in the Helsinki Agreement so that a detailed
accounting may be presented to the follow-up conference in
Belgrade in June 1977;

5. emphasise the importance of concluding as quickly as possible
the agreements and arrangements necessary for carrying out
the Helsinki Agreement;

6. press with determination for progress in the MBFR talks in
Vienna, and examine all possible options in order to secure
this progress.

RECOMMENDATION 51
on the NATO Science Committee budget (1)

The Assembly,

Considering the evolution of the NATO Science Committee
budget over the last five years;

Noting that the average annual increase in the budget has been
4. 15%, whereas the average annual price index increase of
combined Alliance countries has been 11.02%;

Underlining the success of the work of the NATO Science
Committee and its recent developments, particularly in providing
opportunities for the interchange of young scientists within the
Atlantic Community, and its outstanding efforts in improving
the environment within the countries of the Alliance;

RECOMMENDS that the North Atlantic Council :

1. study the budgetary problems of the Science Committee;

2. improve the budget for the coming years, taking into account
the losses over the last five years.

(1) Presented by the Scientific and Technical Committee.

15

RECOMMENDATION 52

on information on the activities of the Committee on the
Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS) (1)

The Assembly,

Appreciative of the increasing interest on the part of the
governments of Alliance member countries in the work of the
Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society, particularly in
the pilot studies on energy;

Noting that follow-up action to the work of the Committee on
the Challenges of Modern Society is still far from being satis-
factory;

Stressing that the distribution of information to the public in
member countries of the Alliance on the work of the Committee
on the Challenges of Modern Society should be improved;

RECOMMENDS that the North Atlantic Council :

1. study most attentively the follow-up given to the recommen-
dations and resolutions formulated by the Committee on the
Challenges of Modern Society and adopted by the Council;

2. provide the Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society
with increased resources to enable it to publish more widely
the results it has achieved.

(1) Presented by the Scientific and Technical Committee.

16

RESOLUTION 30
on the world economic order (1)

The Assembly,

Considering the world-wide discussion concerning the current
world economic order and the necessity for improvement;

Deploring the fact that the gap between rich and poor countries
continues to grow;

Aware of the profound interdependence of relations between
industrialised and developing countries;

Stressing that no-one will benefit from confrontation and
unilateral action;

Convinced that centrally administered economies, cartels and
syndicates cannot provide a key to change in the world economic
system, but will only lead to a bureaucratisation of the world
economy and to the « distribution » of poverty;

Desirous to find, in co-operation with the developing world,
a joint basis for new economic growth for all countries and an
economic system in which the world economic product is distri-
buted in a more just and equitable way;

URGES the member governments of the Atlantic Alliance :

1. to co-ordinate their attitudes in world-wide negotiations as
much as possible and to speak increasingly with one voice;

2. to offer developing countries substantial improvements in
their economic relations with industrialised countries, based
on the example of the Lome Convention between the Euro-
pean Economic Community and ACP countries (Africa,
Caribbean, Pacific);

3. in particular, provided that the developing countries have
the political will to diversify their own economies, to offer
a wider opening of industrialised countries, markets for manu-
factured goods, an effective stabilisation scheme for their
export earnings, more help for industrialisation, more techno-
logy transfer and easier access to capital markets.

(1) Presented by the Economic Committee.

17

RESOLUTION 31
on economic aid to Portugal, Greece and Turkey (1)

The Assembly,

Noting that events in 1974 and 1975 have put Atlantic solida-
rity to the test and have shown that this solidarity cannot be
restricted to mere military co-operation;

Stressing that military attack is not the only possible threat
to a country, but that there is also economic decline leading to
social and political unrest and to the danger of a take-over by
extremists of either side;

Considering the current economic difficulties of Portugal,
Greece and Turkey, and in particular problems such as indus-
trialisation, modernisation of their economies, inflation, unem-
ployment, balance of payments deficits, reliance on emigration
and remittances of foreign currencies;

Aware of Portugal's specific problems in passing from dictator-
ship to democracy, i.e. transforming an old-fashioned economic
apparatus, coping with the decolonisation process and developing
an adequate economic policy;

Mindful of Greece's efforts to overcome the economic conse-
quences of seven years of dictatorship and to integrate its economy
into a united Europe;

Aware of Turkey's interest in further developing its economic
relations with other Alliance countries and pursuing its successful
policy of internal development;

URGES the member governments of the Atlantic Alliance :

1. to abandon their shortsighted and politically erroneous wait-
and-see attitude vis-a-vis Portugal, and to grant immediate
and effective financial help to support the country's process
of democratisation;

2. to support the international economic integration of Portugal,
Greece and Turkey by granting more loans and credits, by
further opening national markets for imports from these three
countries, and by encouraging investment to create new jobs
in these countries.

(1) Presented by the Economic Committee.

18

RESOLUTION 32
on world monetary reform (1)

The Assembly,

Noting the different steps taken so far to reform the world
monetary system, in particular the recent decision to demonetarise
gold and the consequent prevention of gold producers from being
able in the future to manipulate the gold price and thus influence
the value of currencies;

Regretting, however, that a coherent and comprehensive reform
of the whole system has still not been accomplished;

URGES the member governments of the Atlantic Alliance :

1 . to complete the reform of the world monetary system as soon
as possible and thus encourage a quick recovery of world
trade and the world economy through the provision of a stable
monetary framework;

2. for this purpose, to urge a return to fixed but adjustable
exchange rates for currencies.

RESOLUTION 33
on the co-ordination of national energy policies (1)

The Assembly,

Examining the economic implications of national energy policies
at the national as well as the international level;

Mindful of the fact that any decision on energy policy requires
a political examination of the options and priorities;

URGES the member governments of the Atlantic Alliance :

1. to study carefully the impact of any national energy policy
on other policy areas such as cost, price and rent policy,
social policy, environmental policy, external trade policy;

2. to co-ordinate and harmonise energy policies at international
level.

(1) Presented by the Economic Committee.

19

RESOLUTION 34
on energy supplies within the Atlantic Alliance (1)

The Assembly,

Recognising the useful work done by the joint Sub-Committee
on Energy Supplies;

Noting that the overall economic problems of energy supplies
continue to be serious;

Emphasising that the problem of the oil-producing countries'
surplus amounts is far from being solved and that there is still a
clear interest in consuming countries of ensuring a massive reflow
of this money;

Hoping that the forthcoming consumer-producer conference
will lead to fruitful co-operation;

Considering the possible contributions of science and technology
to ensuring long-term supplies through decreases in energy
demand, increased supplies, and improved energy carriers;

Mindful of the political and military problems and implications
involved in securing energy supplies, in particular the safeguarding
of import and supply routes, and the protection of North Sea Oil;

URGES the member governments of the North Atlantic
Alliance :

1. to provide more incentives for those oil producing countries
having a surplus to invest in consuming countries, and to
abstain from discriminating investment controls;

2. to intensify energy research and development programmes,
existing energy conservation schemes, diversification of the
supply side and measures to improve energy carriers;

3. to study in depth the problem of effecting a better security of
energy supply routes.

(1) Presented jointly by the Economic Committee, the Military Com-
mittee and the Scientific and Technical Committee.

20

RESOLUTION 35
on the activities of the Eurogroup (1)

The Assembly,

Welcoming the recent initiatives towards establishing an
effective two-way street between the United States, Canada and
Europe in the production and procurement of armaments;

Recognising that this policy will only be successful if a
co-ordinated European approach is established, and that the
Eurogroup represents the most appropriate forum in which to
establish this co-ordination;

Welcoming the increased Ministerial involvement in the work-
ing of the Eurogroup;

Noting the continued progress of the MRCA project as an
example of successful European co-operation in the field of
advanced aeronautical technology;

Noting the importance of parliamentary support for the objec-
tives and activities of the Eurogroup;

Regretting the continued refusal of France to associate herself
with the activities of the Eurogroup;

URGES :

1. the member governments of the Eurogroup to utilise the
framework of the Group to achieve the institutionalisation of
a European component, a European Armaments Agency, on
which effective co-operation between Europe, the United
States and Canada in the production and procurement of
armaments could be based;

2. the member governments of the Eurogroup to facilitate
greater parliamentary awareness of the objectives and
workings of the Eurogroup;

3. the governments of the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy
and the United Kingdom to pursue the MRCA programme
to its maximum potential, and thus maintain the technological
base essential for future European projects.

(1) Presented by the Military Committee.

21

RESOLUTION 36
on the United States arms embargo on Turkey (1)

The Assembly,

Concerned at the present situation in the Eastern Mediterranean
and the continuing friction between Greece and Turkey;

Recognising that as both Greece and Turkey are closely
involved with, and committed to, events in Cyprus, any lasting
reconciliation between the two countries must be preceded by a
mutually acceptable solution on the island;

Appreciating the genuine concern of many United States
Congressional figures that United States arms should not be used
in an offensive fashion by one NATO ally against another;

Believing, nevertheless, that the United States embargo has
introduced an external factor into Greek-Turkish relations that
has served to distract and complicate existing differences, and
represents a very real constraint on progress towards a settlement;

URGES the United States Congress to immediately lift the
present arms embargo on Turkey.

RESOLUTION 37
on Portugal (2)

The Assembly,

Welcoming the fact that the Portuguese people, after forty-eight
years of dictatorship, have the opportunity for achieving the
transition to parliamentary democracy;

Concerned at the rapidly worsening economic condition of the
country which must inevitably give rise to social unrest, and which
could be accentuated by the return of large numbers of settlers
from Angola;

Welcoming recent developments which indicate a swing to
forces which respect democracy in Portugal;

Emphasising that present conditions call for immediate and
effective action and support, particularly in the form of economic
assistance, from the Alliance countries and the European Com-
munity;

(1) Presented by the Military Committee.

(2) Presented by the Political Committee.

22

Concerned that the reluctant and apprehensive attitude of most
Western countries could contribute to an eventual polarisation
of forces in Portugal, and produce a situation extremely
disadvantageous to the Alliance;

URGES member countries :

1 . to assist Portugal in dealing with the serious problems caused
by the influx of refugees from Angola;

2. to give immediate economic assistance to Portugal in order
to help solve the country's economic and social problems;

3. to give encouragement and support to the development of a
genuine democratic process in Portugal, in order to give to all
democratic parties equal chances for submitting themselves
in free elections to the vote of the Portuguese people.

RESOLUTION 38
on Spain (1)

The Assembly,

Stressing the criticism of the authoritarian character of the
present political regime in Spain imposed on the Spanish people
forty years ago;

Protesting against the recent court sentences which massively
violate generally accepted civil liberties and human rights;

Confirming the opinion that the improvement of relations
between the Alliance and Spain includes die demand for a demo-
cratic change in Spain;

Expressing full sympathy with all forces of Spanish society
which strive for full parliamentary democracy;

Encouraging these democratic forces to continue their endea-
vours to improve political conditions in Spain;

URGES member States of the Alliance :

1. to refrain from any move which might be interpreted as a step
to further the membership of Spain in the Alliance at the
present moment;

2. to make clear that present conditions in Spain undermine all
endeavours to improve relations between Spain and the
Alliance.

(1) Presented by the Political Committee.

23

RESOLUTION 39
on the Middle East (1)

The Assembly,

Welcoming the successful negotiations conducted by US
Secretary Kissinger between Israel and Egypt culminating in the
Sinai Agreement;

Emphasising the need for continued efforts committed to
achieving peace in the entire area;

Concerned about the negative attitude of the Soviet Union and
the aggressive reaction by some Arab governments to the signing
of the Agreement between Egypt and Israel;

URGES member governments of the North Atlantic Alliance :

1 . to support the US and other mediatory efforts by both political
and economic means in favour of the signatories to the Sinai"
Agreement;

2. to follow closely developments inside the Lebanon and to
contribute their due share to the stabilisation of the situation.

RESOLUTION 40
on the Eastern Mediterranean (1)

The Assembly,

Considering the need for reducing as much as possible the
number of points of confrontation that still exist between two
allied countries, Greece and Turkey;

Noting that the situation created in Cyprus after the events
of summer 1974 continues to exist;

Considering that this situation endangers seriously the South-
Eastern flank of the Alliance, because of its negative effect on the
relations between two member States;

Considering that this situation can only be improved through
meaningful negotiations;

(1) Presented by the Political Committee.

24

CALLS UPON all parties concerned to encourage and facilitate
the resumption of the inter-communal talks under the auspices
of the Secretary-General of the United Nations and to ensure
the respect of the independence, sovereignty, and territorial
integrity of the Republic of Cyprus;

STRONGLY URGES all parties concerned to refrain, pending
a peaceful solution, from any action which might prejudice or
render more difficult the inter-communal negotiations;

APPEALS to the political leaders of the countries directly
concerned to show a spirit of reconciliation in order to seek
urgently a solution to the problem of the refugees.

RESOLUTION 41
on an international policy for raw materials (1)

The Assembly,

Considering the scientific and technical problems involved in
the supply of raw materials to Alliance member countries;

Convinced that the moment has come to establish a better
management of the world's resources;

Underlining the necessity for Alliance member countries to
adopt a common policy in this field;

URGES the governments of the member countries of the
Atlantic Alliance :

1. to develop urgently a coherent common policy for raw
materials :

a) to save raw materials;

b) to increase known resources by means of improved detec-
tion techniques and a better exploitation of existing
resources;

c) to seek substitutes for rare materials;

d) to improve recycling techniques;

e) to increase the life span and the durability of products;

2. to invite the Scientific Directorate of NATO to pay more
attention to these problems than hitherto.

(1) Presented by the Scientific and Technical Committee.

25

RESOLUTION 42
on nuclear energy (1)

The Assembly,

Aware of the necessity to ensure long-term energy supplies in
its member countries;

A ware of the discussion concerning the advantages and dis-
advantages of nuclear energy;

Taking note of the current impossibility of determining the
total demand for energy in ten to fifteen years time and the
reserves of non-nuclear energy that can be counted upon;

Concerned at the fast rising costs for nuclear energy, due also
to necessary additional security measures to protect nuclear power
stations;

URGES the member governments of the Atlantic Alliance :

1. to provide the Parliamentarians as the elected representatives
of the people with complete information about the pros and
cons of nuclear energy so that the Parliamentarians can help
the public to understand and accept the necessary decisions;

2. to start immediately with a thorough review of nuclear policies
and to undertake an extensive cost/benefit analysis of nuclear
power, taking also into consideration additional costs through
radioactive waste disposal, demolition of reactors after use,
safety provisions, protection of transports of nuclear materials
and radioactive waste, and necessary security precautions.

(1) Presented by the Scientific and Technical Committee.

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